Anna Eusebi from Ancona Italy is the granddaughter of Fortunato Gobbi. In her quest to find out more information about her Nonno Ernesto (as he was known), she found this project’s research and website.
Anna mentioned that she had some photos of her grandfather when he was on a farm in Australia and that her family only had a few stories about Ernesto’s time in Australia. Ernesto told his family that in Australia there were many snakes and that he cultivated potatoes. He also told of the frustration of the Italian POWs who were taken off the farms but then had to wait almost a year before boarding a ship for Italy. Together, we pieced together Ernesto’s journey as an Italian soldier and prisoner of war.
Every photo that is shared with me is special: photos of the Italians posing on horse back, family photos which include the Italian prisoners of war. Each is special because every photo has a story to tell.
Ernesto’s photos however are extraordinary.
His photos are a first for this Queensland research. While there is written documentary evidence confirming that the Italian prisoners of war worked side by side with the Land Army Girls, this practice was a rather contentious issue: Itye POWs fraternising with our Aussie girls! A newspaper headline: DAGOES PESTER LAND ARMY GIRLS sums up a commonplace viewpoint.
Ernesto’s photo talks to us about the workforce on JJ Parr’s Amamoor farm during WW2. These photos are a unique snapshot of the combined POW and LAGS workforce at Amamoor via Gympie. While the prisoner of war workforce was employed on a permanent basis on most Queensland farms, the Australian Women’s Land Army (LAGS) workforce tended to be used for short periods during the hectic harvest seasons.
The Fourth Service by Mary Macklin is an excellent resource chronicling the services of the Land Army in Queensland during World War 2. There are two mentions of the LAGS picking potatoes, “It was hard work picking up potatoes, filling the bags, sewing them up, then tow of us loading them onto the trucks…” and “May Higgins picked and bagged sixty five bags of potatoes in one day, three bushel bags each, an amazing worker…”
In the photo below, the truck is loaded with bagged potatoes. Nonno Ernesto is sitting third from the right, and Luigi Iacopini, a friend from the same village as Ernesto is sitting first on the left.
A Hard Day’s Work
Italian Prisoners of War and Land Army Girls Amamoor via Gympie
(courtesy of Anna Eusebi)
Mention of Land Army girls working at Amamoor is made in Mary Macklin’s book: “A group of four girls went to work on pineapple harvesting and later will be harvesting beans. The number is now six. LAGS of this group are B Cedergreen, A Cedergreen, G [Gloria] Pattison, C [Clarice] Keyworth, C Burroughs, E Bonning and Mrs Cedergreen does the cooking for the girls.”
From the archives, we know that J.J. Parr employed POWs and LAGS on two properties: The Golden Mile Orchard near Gayndah/Mundubbera (Q4 PWCC) and Amamoor (Q3 PWCC). One LAG, Cecily Gourley (nee Brennan) wrote about her memories of these times. Cecily worked on both properties of J.J. Parr.
Cecily wrote:
The next property was the Golden Orange [The Golden Mile Orchard] at Mundubbera. It was Christmas time, rockmelon harvest for the southern market and potato crop. Wages were two pounds, four shillings weekly and keep. When the season finished we left for Amamoor, Kadanga – same owners [J.J. Parr] as above property.
Contract potato pickers machine dug up to surface, with us picking up along rows with two kerosene tins. These tins were four gallons and square in which was commercial dispensed kerosene, for lighting and various needs. In one tin we collected small potatoes for the domestic market and in another, larger potatoes for Defence Forces. At the end of the rows, bags were filled and sewed across the top, but forming left and right “EARS” for grip handling.
Lunch time was taken at the nearby creek, in a beautiful atmosphere listening to the magnificent bell birds call and sounds of other birds, tranquillity so long ago…
On this property also six to eight Italian P.O.W.’s working as directed by Overseer [Manager]. Due to circumstances, the Overseer was absent, personal reasons and arrangements. A car arrived on the property with four male officials and no Overseer. The four men returned to Gympie. An hour later, Army M.P.’s arrived in a military truck and took the POW’s away.
The AWLA members were given instructions by phone to pack up and return by train to H.Q. Brisbane… (From The Fourth Service)
The authorities did not abide by a situation where the POWs and the LAGS worked together without appropriate supervision.
It is unlikely that Cecily and Ernesto’s paths crossed. Cecily appears to have been at the Amamoor property early 1944 and Ernesto did not arrive at Amamoor until July 1944. But Cecily’s memories and Ernesto’s photos sit side by side to tell us a story of the Amamoor workforce.
Morning Tea for the Workers and young boy
Luigi Iacopini far left and Nonno Ernesto centre front
Italian Prisoners of War and Land Army Girls Amamoor via Gympie
(courtesy of Anna Eusebi)
Ernesto also told his family that he “regretted not being able to stay in Australia because he said he was well looked after and that there was so much work”. Other poignant memories were: living in tents, making gnocchi when he took care of the kitchen, a terrible journey from India to Australia when Italians died from dysentery and were thrown into the sea and Italians committing suicide in the camps because they could not cope with the emotional stress of waiting and waiting to return home to Italy.
I thank Ernesto and his family for keeping these photos safe for over seventy years.
They are extraordinary because of the history they reflect. They tell us about a war time workforce, a potato harvest, Italian prisoners of war, Australian Women’s Land Army girls, life on the farm during World War 2, farming life at Amamoor via Gympie:
a hard day’s work.
Footprints of Italian Prisoners of War in Australia 